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IPEA Design Policy Brief

Design Options for Building an Effective Independent Panel on Evidence for Action against AMR (IPEA) 

This policy brief outlines 11 policy options to support the institutional design of IPEA. The options are grouped across six key design domains: foundational discussion and mandate (PO1–2); funding models (PO3–4); governing body (PO5–6); scientific processes (PO7); external engagement (PO8–9); and equity mechanisms (PO10–11). Each option reflects real-world design lessons, drawing on learnings from established SPIs in global environmental governance, and highlights how trade-offs or complementarities between governance principles–inclusiveness, accountability, transparency, sustainability, equity, and independence–can be practically managed. Taken together, these options provide a roadmap for designing IPEA as a globally trusted, inclusive, credible, and effective platform to accelerate AMR action. 

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Gender differences in cigarette smoking intensity among current smokers: an analysis of survey data from 172 countries

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Summary: The Role of Gender in Antimicrobial Resistance: Findings from a Scoping Review